Early Pleistocene human humeri from the Gran Dolina-TD6 site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
José María Bermúdez de CastroEudald Carbonell

Abstract

In this report, we present a morphometric comparative study of two Early Pleistocene humeri recovered from the TD6 level of the Gran Dolina cave site in Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain. ATD6-121 belongs to a child between 4 and 6 years old, whereas ATD6-148 corresponds to an adult. ATD6-148 exhibits the typical pattern of the genus Homo, but it also shows a large olecranon fossa and very thin medial and lateral pillars (also present in ATD6-121), sharing these features with European Middle Pleistocene hominins, Neandertals, and the Bodo Middle Pleistocene humerus. The morphology of the distal epiphysis, together with a few dental traits, suggests a phylogenetic relationship between the TD6 hominins and the Neandertal lineage. Given the older geochronological age of these hominins (ca. 900 ka), which is far from the age estimated by palaeogenetic studies for the population divergence of modern humans and Neandertals (ca. 400 ka), we suggest that this suite of derived "Neandertal" features appeared early in the evolution of the genus Homo. Thus, these features are not "Neandertal" apomorphies but traits which appeared in an ancestral and polymorphic population during the Early Pleistocene.

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Citations

Jul 9, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Xiu-Jie WuErik Trinkaus
Mar 8, 2013·Journal of Human Evolution·Wu LiuMaría Martinón-Torres
Aug 28, 2012·Journal of Human Evolution·Adrián PablosJuan Luis Arsuaga
Dec 17, 2015·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·José María Bermúdez de CastroJosé Miguel Carretero
Jun 11, 2015·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Tony ChevalierHarun Taşkiran
Aug 7, 2013·Journal of Anatomy·María Martinón-TorresJosé María Bermúdez de Castro
Jul 25, 2012·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Erik Trinkaus
Oct 4, 2014·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·José-María Bermúdez de CastroEudald Carbonell
Mar 15, 2015·Journal of Human Evolution·Rolf QuamJuan Luis Arsuaga
Dec 3, 2016·PloS One·Christopher B RuffJohn Kappelman
Oct 4, 2018·PloS One·Laura Martín-FrancésJosé María Bermúdez de Castro
Aug 18, 2017·Evolutionary Anthropology·José María Bermúdez de CastroEudald Carbonell
Apr 4, 2017·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·José María Bermúdez de CastroWu Liu
Jun 13, 2020·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Christopher B RuffJuho-Antti Junno

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