Early preclinical studies of discriminable sedative and hallucinogenic drug effects.

Psychopharmacology
Herbert Barry, J B Appel

Abstract

One important technique in behavioral pharmacology is to train laboratory animals to discriminate between a psychoactive drug effect and a nondrug condition. Tests with different drugs have identified several categories of drugs that have different discriminable effects. The two authors describe and discuss the early research on discriminable effects of sedative and hallucinogenic drugs and their acquaintance with each other at Yale University prior to their early and frequent publications on discriminable drug effects. Herb Barry studied sedative drugs primarily and Jim Appel studied hallucinogenic drugs. Sedative drugs include ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Their discriminable effects are largely attributable to the activation of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-amino butyric acid. Alcohol has the most pervasive effect in accordance with the high dose required to alter behavior. Hallucinogenic drugs include lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline. They increase the activity of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine and, perhaps, dopamine in the central nervous system (CNS). In spite of their relatively low concentrations in the brain, both of these neurotransmitters have many important behavioral ef...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1976·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·J A Joseph, J B Appel
May 1, 1977·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·J A Joseph, J B Appel
Dec 1, 1979·Neuropharmacology·H Barry, E C Krimmer
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Mar 17, 2004·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·James B AppelJames Buggy

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