Eating Habits and Body Composition of International Elite Soccer Referees

Journal of Human Kinetics
Gabriele MascheriniG Galanti

Abstract

Soccer referees are a specific group of the athletes' population whose careers peak from 30 to 45 years old. An athlete's performance is not only determined by physical training but also by a lifestyle, e.g. eating habits. The purpose of this study was to verify current eating habits and resulting body composition of a group of elite international soccer referees. At an international FIFA seminar 60 elite international soccer referees (aged 39.2 ± 4.2 years) were enrolled. A body composition assessment was performed with skinfold thickness and bio impedance analysis, while eating habits were evaluated with a multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall. The body composition showed a normal weight condition with a fat content of 11.4 ± 2.5%. Macronutrients showed a low level of carbohydrates (43.6 ± 5.4%) and a high level of fat (40.0 ± 4.5%). Micronutrients showed a low level of calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, iodine, vitamin B12 and vitamin B9. Even though their body composition was within the normal range, the current eating habits of elite international soccer referees did not appear to follow the nutrition guidelines. Therefore, it would be advisable to provide knowledge on nutrition for this particular category of sports subject...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology·Cristian PetriGabriele Mascherini
Aug 13, 2021·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·Giuseppe CoratellaAnaliza M Silva
Oct 18, 2021·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·Dominik SzymskiVolker Krutsch

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