Ecological divergence and conservatism: spatiotemporal patterns of niche evolution in a genus of livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae: Xiphophorus)

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Zachary W Culumber, Michael Tobler

Abstract

Ecological factors often have a strong impact on spatiotemporal patterns of biodiversity. The integration of spatial ecology and phylogenetics allows for rigorous tests of whether speciation is associated with niche conservatism (constraints on ecological divergence) or niche divergence. We address this question in a genus of livebearing fishes for which the role of sexual selection in speciation has long been studied, but in which the potential role of ecological divergence during speciation has not been tested. By combining reconstruction of ancestral climate tolerances and disparity indices, we show that the earliest evolutionary split in Xiphophorus was associated with significant divergence for temperature variables. Niche evolution and present day niches were most closely associated with each species' geographic distribution relative to a biogeographic barrier, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Tests for similarity of the environmental backgrounds of closely related species suggested that the relative importance of niche conservatism and divergence during speciation varied among the primary clades of Xiphophorus. Closely related species in the two swordtail clades exhibited higher levels of niche overlap than expected give...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 3, 2018·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Zachary W Culumber, Michael Tobler
May 29, 2018·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Vicente García-Navas, Michael Westerman
Nov 6, 2018·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·João Fabrício M RodriguesJosé Alexandre F Diniz-Filho
Jan 16, 2019·PeerJ·Norberto Martínez-MéndezFausto Méndez-de la Cruz
Mar 19, 2021·Journal of Fish Biology·Miguel Calixto-RojasCarlos D Pinacho-Pinacho
Dec 5, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Laura A NunesRichard G Pearson

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCA
phylogenetic PCA

Software Mentioned

package
SPSS
Spatial Analyst
Hydro1k
Mesquite
geiger
R
MAXENT
ape
Worldclim

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