Ecomorphological convergence in planktivorous surgeonfishes

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
S T FriedmanP C Wainwright

Abstract

Morphological convergence plays a central role in the study of evolution. Often induced by shared ecological specialization, homoplasy hints at underlying selective pressures and adaptive constraints that deterministically shape the diversification of life. Although midwater zooplanktivory has arisen in adult surgeonfishes (family Acanthuridae) at least four independent times, it represents a clearly specialized state, requiring the capacity to swiftly swim in midwater locating and sucking small prey items. Whereas this diet has commonly been associated with specific functional adaptations in fishes, acanthurids present an interesting case study as all nonplanktivorous species feed by grazing on benthic algae and detritus, requiring a vastly different functional morphology that emphasizes biting behaviours. We examined the feeding morphology in 30 acanthurid species and, combined with a pre-existing phylogenetic tree, compared the fit of evolutionary models across two diet regimes: zooplanktivores and nonzooplanktivorous grazers. Accounting for phylogenetic relationships, the best-fitting model indicates that zooplanktivorous species are converging on a separate adaptive peak from their grazing relatives. Driving this bimodal l...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 13, 2016·Journal of Fish Biology·T PortellaR Mazzoni
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Aug 12, 2021·Integrative Organismal Biology·J R HodgeS A Price
Aug 12, 2021·Integrative Organismal Biology·Sarah T FriedmanPeter C Wainwright

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