Ecotoxicological risk assessment of metal cocktails based on maximum cumulative ratio during multi-generational exposures.

Water Research
Xuehua SunJohn P Giesy

Abstract

Humans and wildlife are frequently exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals, with exposure rarely causing only one dominant effect. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to assess exposures to multiple, hazardous chemicals and effects of such combinations. Here, the maximum cumulative ratio was used as part of a tiered approach to evaluate and prioritize risks of co-exposures to metals in 781 samples of surface water from Tai Lake, China. Multiple metals, including copper, lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc dominated the hazardous effects on aquatic organisms. Based on species sensitivity distributions developed from genus mean chronic values, crustaceans were the most susceptible to effects of metals. Results of a multi-generation experiment demonstrated adverse effects of mixtures of metals at environmentally relevant concentrations on growth and reproduction of the cladocerans, Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa. Specifically, when exposed to metals body length and total number of offspring produced per adult female were less than the controls. Resistance of D. magna populations to mixtures of metals was significantly less, while, under similar conditions, M. macrocopa exhibited greater capacity to recover a...Continue Reading

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