Education, Gender, and Cohort Fertility in the Nordic Countries

European Journal of Population = Revue Européenne De Démographie
Marika JalovaaraTrude Lappegård

Abstract

Systematic comparisons of fertility developments based on education, gender and country context are rare. Using harmonized register data, we compare cohort total fertility and ultimate childlessness by gender and educational attainment for cohorts born beginning in 1940 in four Nordic countries. Cohort fertility (CTF) initially declined in all four countries, although for cohorts born in the 1950s and later, the CTF remained stable or declined only modestly. Childlessness, which had been increasing, has plateaued in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Women's negative educational gradient in relation to total fertility has vanished, except in Finland, while men's positive gradient has persisted. The highest level of men's childlessness appears among the least educated. In the oldest female cohorts, childlessness was highest among the highly educated, but these patterns have changed over the cohorts as childlessness has increased among the low educated and remained relatively stable among higher educated women. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, childlessness is now highest among the least educated women. We witness both a new gender similarity and persistent (among men) and new (among women) educational disparities in childbearing outcomes...Continue Reading

References

Nov 4, 2015·Population and Development Review·Thomas Anderson, Hans-Peter Kohler
Jan 13, 2017·Demography·Alessandra Trimarchi, Jan Van Bavel
Aug 28, 2018·European Journal of Population = Revue Européenne De Démographie·Jessica NisénKarri Silventoinen

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Citations

Dec 14, 2018·Population Research and Policy Review·Marika Jalovaara, Gunnar Andersson
Apr 8, 2020·European Journal of Population = Revue Européenne De Démographie·Kathrin Morosow, Martin Kolk
Jun 27, 2019·Reproductive Health·Johan Dahlberg, Gunnar Andersson
Sep 11, 2020·Population Studies·Martin Dribe, Christopher D Smith
Nov 14, 2020·European Journal of Population = Revue Européenne De Démographie·Anna Rybińska
Feb 19, 2021·European Journal of Population = Revue Européenne De Démographie·Jessica NisénMikko Myrskylä
Jun 18, 2021·Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online·Maja BodinEva Elmerstig
Jul 13, 2021·Demography·Julia HellstrandMikko Myrskylä
Sep 22, 2021·Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica·Tom G Tanbo, Peter Z Fedorcsak

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