Effect of breathing pattern on arm coordination symmetry in front crawl

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
L SeifertD Chollet

Abstract

This study analyzed the relationship between breathing pattern and arm coordination symmetry in 11 expert male swimmers who performed the front crawl at their 100-m race pace using seven randomized breathing patterns. Two indexes of coordination (IdCP and IdCNP) and a symmetry index (SI) based on the difference of IdCP - IdCNP were calculated. IdCP calculated the lag time between the beginning of arm propulsion on the nonpreferential breathing side and the end of arm propulsion on the preferential breathing side; IdCNP did the converse. The IdCP and IdCNP comparisons and the SI showed coordination asymmetries among the seven breathing patterns. Specifically, breathing to the preferential side led to an asymmetry, in contrast to the other breathing patterns, and the asymmetry was even greater when the swimmer breathed to his nonpreferential side. These findings highlight the effect of breathing laterality in that coordination was symmetric in patterns with breathing that was bilateral, axed (as in breathing with a frontal snorkel), or removed (as in apnea). One practical application is that arm coordination asymmetry can be prevented or reduced by using breathing patterns that balance the coordination.

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Citations

Jan 19, 2013·Sports Medicine·Ludovic SeifertKeith Davids
Dec 12, 2012·Journal of Sports Sciences·Danielle P FormosaBrendan Burkett
Aug 28, 2012·Human Movement Science·Pedro FigueiredoRicardo J Fernandes
Oct 13, 2015·Journal of Biomechanics·Carla B McCabeStelios G Psycharakis
Jan 16, 2015·Human Movement Science·Pedro G MorouçoMário C Marques
Jul 20, 2016·Journal of Sports Sciences·Argyris G ToubekisMaria Koskolou
Jul 24, 2014·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Tiago M BarbosaRicardo J Fernandes
Feb 15, 2020·Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering·Raymond C Z CohenDavid L Pease
Jun 6, 2018·Frontiers in Physiology·Ricardo J FernandesCosme F Buzzachera
Feb 18, 2021·Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly : APAQ·Luca CavaggioniGiampietro Alberti

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