Effect of Excess Iodine Intake from Iodized Salt and/or Groundwater Iodine on Thyroid Function in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Women, Infants, and Children: A Multicenter Study in East Africa

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
Jessica FarebrotherMaria Andersson

Abstract

Acute excess iodine intake can damage the thyroid, but the effects of chronic excess iodine intake are uncertain. Few data exist for pregnant and lactating women and infants exposed to excessive iodine intake. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study. At study sites in rural Kenya and urban Tanzania previously reporting iodine excess in children, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyrotropin, total thyroxine, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured in school-age children (SAC), women of reproductive age, pregnant (PW) and lactating women, and breast-feeding and weaning infants. In a national study in Djibouti, UIC was measured in SAC and PW. At all sites, daily iodine intake was estimated based on UIC, and iodine concentration was measured in household salt and drinking water. The total sample size was 4636: 1390, 2048, and 1198 subjects from Kenya, Tanzania, and Djibouti, respectively. In Kenya and Tanzania: (i) median UIC was well above thresholds for adequate iodine nutrition in all groups and exceeded the threshold for excess iodine intake in SAC; (ii) iodine concentrations >40 mg of iodine/kg were found in approximately 55% of household salt samples; (iii) iodine concentrations ≥10 μg/L were detected in 9% of drinking w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 30, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Brenda A Z AbuRichmond N O Aryeetey
Jan 17, 2019·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Jessica FarebrotherMaria Andersson
Feb 12, 2019·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Sanjoy SahaWilna Oldewage-Theron
Mar 21, 2019·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Jessica FarebrotherMaria Andersson
Aug 29, 2019·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·A L MarriottM J Watts
Oct 17, 2020·Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics·Mario S VenanceJudith Kimiywe
Nov 19, 2021·Endocrine Reviews·Maria Andersson, Christian P Braegger

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
pull-down
Urine
urine collection

Software Mentioned

SPSS Statistics
Anthro
AnthroPlus
Excel

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