PMID: 8599271Jan 1, 1995Paper

Effect of hypoxaemia on water and sodium homeostatic hormones and renal function

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
N V Olsen

Abstract

Changes in body fluid homeostasis during acute hypoxaemia suggest a crucial role of renal function in acclimatization processes. Hypoxaemia stimulates sympathetic nervous activity, and also the cardiovascular system is affected with increases in heart rate and cardiac output. In most subjects, a hypoxic ventilatory response produces hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. Acute hypoxaemia depresses aldosterone secretion secondary to a direct effect on adrenal cells. Also plasma renin is decreased in resting hypoxaemic conditions, but the mechanism remains unknown. These hormonal changes may have the advantage of opposing excessive sodium and water retention, which characterizes acute mountain sickness. Short-term isocapnic or hypocapnic hypoxaemia in spontaneously breathing humans causes moderate if any increases in renal blood flow and only minor changes in GFR. In contrast, renal blood flow and GFR decreases during hypercapnic hypoxaemia. Renal clearance studies in humans after 24-48 hours in altitude hypoxia (4,350 m) demonstrate that glomerular and tubular function is only slightly changed in spite of marked depression of the renin-aldosterone system and increased plasma levels of norepinephrine. However, renal vascular tone ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 7, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Lucrecia Carrera-QuintanarEnrique Roche
Jan 15, 2013·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Michele UmbrelloMervyn Singer
Feb 27, 2009·Intensive Care Medicine·Michael DarmonLaurent Brochard
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