Effect of lithium carbonate on mouse and rat embryos in vitro

Teratology
D K HansenT F Grafton

Abstract

Lithium is effective in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis but is suspected to be a developmental toxicant in humans. It is a developmental toxicant in mice and rats in vivo, but at human therapeutic serum levels of 0.6-1.6 meq/L, rats appear to be more sensitive to the effects of the drug than do mice. The species susceptibility to lithium-induced defects was evaluated by using a rodent whole embryo culture system employing mouse and rat embryos treated at comparable developmental stages. Mouse embryos were cultured on gestational days 8-10, and rat embryos were cultured on gestational days 10-12. Care was taken to insure that all embryos had 10 +/- 2 somite pairs at the beginning of the culture period. Embryos were cultured for 44 hours in rat serum to which lithium was added to attain final drug concentrations of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, or 5.0 meq/L. Control embryos were treated with distilled water, which served as the vehicle. In rats, lithium induced significant decreases in various parameters at 1.8, 2.4, and 5.0 meq/L; no malformations were observed in rats of this stage. In mice, significant decreases occurred at 2.4 and 5.0 meq/L, and embryos treated at the highest concentration had a significantly increased freq...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 1996·Molecular Reproduction and Development·I Rogers, S Varmuza
Mar 9, 1999·Biology of the Cell·K R Kao, R P Elinson
Jan 22, 2005·Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews·Robert M CabreraRichard H Finnell
Apr 1, 2004·Developmental Psychobiology·Nadège GruestBernard Hars
Jan 13, 2006·Journal of Neuroscience Research·I E MisiutaA E Willing
Aug 30, 2008·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Mohsen Nokhbatolfoghahai, Kazem Parivar
Apr 18, 2008·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Jizhen ChenKersti K Linask
Oct 24, 1998·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·P SavagnerK M Yamada

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