PMID: 9440379Jan 24, 1998Paper

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on the concentration of individual carotenoids in lipoproteins of premenopausal women: a controlled dietary study

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
M R FormanR A Muesing

Abstract

Because premenopausal women experience cyclic fluctuations of plasma carotenoids and their lipoprotein carriers, it is hypothesized that carotenoid concentrations in lipoprotein fractions fluctuate by phase of the menstrual cycle. Nine women ate a standard set of carotenoid-rich foods daily for two cycles under isoenergetic conditions. In the second cycle, hormones and carotenoids in lipoprotein fractions were measured in the early and late follicular and luteal phases. alpha-Carotene concentrations in the LDL fraction were lower in the early than in the late follicular phase (P = 0.03) on the basis of regression analysis. beta-carotene concentrations in the LDL fraction and the HDL2 subfraction were higher in the late follicular than in the luteal phase (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). Lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations in the LDL and HDL fractions were higher in the late follicular than in the luteal phase (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). In each phase, 80% of alpha-carotene, 82% of beta-carotene, 85% of lycopene, and 64% of lutein/zeaxanthin were distributed in the LDL fraction. Among the hydrocarbon cartenoids, 18% of alpha-carotene and of beta-carotene and 13% of lycopene were distributed in the HDL fraction, wit...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 23, 2009·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Jean Wactawski-WendeUNKNOWN BioCycle Study Group
Jun 19, 2012·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Shellen R GoltzMario G Ferruzzi
Nov 20, 2015·The Journal of Nutrition·Sunni L MumfordEnrique F Schisterman
Dec 11, 2003·Integrative Cancer Therapies·Eun-Sun Hwang, Phyllis E Bowen
Nov 10, 2006·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Julie A MaresUNKNOWN CAREDS Macular Pigment Study Group and Investigators
Nov 26, 1999·The Journal of Nutrition·J RiedlG Wolfram
Aug 29, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Wendy M R BroekmansGeert van Poppel
Jul 31, 2004·The Journal of Nutrition·Hae-Yun ChungElizabeth J Johnson
May 26, 2005·Experimental Eye Research·C Kathleen DoreyNeal E Craft

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