Effect of Microbial Biomass and Humic Acids on Abiotic and Biotic Magnetite Formation

Environmental Science & Technology
Xiaohua HanJames Martin Byrne

Abstract

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an environmentally ubiquitous mixed-valent iron (Fe) mineral which can form via biotic or abiotic transformation of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides such as ferrihydrite (Fh). It is currently unclear whether environmentally relevant biogenic Fh from Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, containing cell-derived organic matter, can transform to magnetite. We compared abiotic and biotic transformation: 1) abiogenic Fh (aFh); 2) abiogenic Fh coprecipitated with humic acids (aFh-HA); 3) biogenic Fh produced by phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizer Rhodobacter ferrooxidans SW2 (bFh); 4) biogenic Fh treated with bleach to remove biogenic organic matter (bFh-bleach). Abiotic or biotic transformation of Fh was promoted by Fe2+aq or Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. Fe2+aq-catalyzed abiotic reaction with aFh and bFh-bleach led to complete transformation to magnetite. In contrast, aFh-HA only partially (68%) transformed to magnetite, and bFh (17%) transformed to goethite. We hypothesize that microbial biomass stabilized bFh against reaction with Fe2+aq. All four Fh substrates were transformed into magnetite during biotic reduction, suggesting that Fh remains bioavailable even when associated with microbial biomass. Additionally, there were poorly ordere...Continue Reading

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