Effect of softening precipitate composition and surface characteristics on natural organic matter adsorption

Environmental Science & Technology
Caroline G RussellLynn E Katz

Abstract

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal during water softening is thought to occur through adsorption onto or coprecipitation with calcium and magnesium solids. However, details of precipitate composition and surface chemistry and subsequent interactions with NOM are relatively unknown. In this study, zeta potentiometry analyses of precipitates formed from inorganic solutions under varying conditions (e.g., Ca-only, Mg-only, Ca + Mg, increasing lime or NaOH dose) indicated that both CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 were positively charged at higher lime (Ca(OH)2) and NaOH doses (associated with pH values above 11.5), potentially yielding a greater affinity for adsorbing negatively charged organic molecules. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of CaCO3 solids illustrated the rhombohedral shape characteristic of calcite. In the presence of increasing concentrations of magnesium, the CaCO3 rhombs shifted to more elongated crystals. The CaCO3 solids also exhibited increasingly positive surface charge from Mg incorporation into the crystal lattice, potentially creating more favorable conditions for adsorption of organic matter. NOM adsorption experiments using humic substances extracted from Lake Austin and Missouri River water e...Continue Reading

References

Sep 30, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Yi-Pin LinGeorge R Aiken
Apr 1, 1981·Environmental Science & Technology·E M Thurman, R L Malcolm

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Citations

Jan 10, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·John A van LeeuwenMadhawa Rupasinghe
Jun 6, 2017·Chemosphere·Eva WeyersLeslie L Baker
May 29, 2019·Water Research·Junias Adusei-GyamfiJustine Criquet
Mar 2, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Jin Yong ChoiLynn E Katz
Nov 20, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Carmen A VelascoJosé M Cerrato

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