Effect of water activity and temperature on mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata in culture and on wheat grain.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
N MaganJ Lacey

Abstract

Both water activity (aW) and temperature affected the production of altenuene (AE), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) by Alternaria alternata on wheat extract agar and wheat grain. Greatest production of all three mycotoxins occurred at 0.98 aW and 25 degrees C on both substrates. At 0.98 aW and 25 degrees C, a single colony of A. alternata grown on wheat extract agar produced 807 micrograms of AOH, 603 micrograms of AME, and 169 micrograms of AE ml in 30 days. However, production of all three mycotoxins at 0.95 aW was less than 40% of these amounts. Little toxin was produced at 0.90 aW. Changing temperature and aW altered the relative amounts of the different toxins produced on agar. At 15 degrees C and 0.98 aW, maxima of 52 micrograms of AOH and 25 micrograms of AME per ml were produced after 15 and 30 days, respectively, whereas AE continued to increase and reached 57 micrograms/ml after 40 days. At 15 degrees C and 0.95 aW, production was, respectively, 62, 10, and 5 micrograms/ml after 40 days. All three metabolites were produced at 5 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.95 aW and at 30 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.90 aW. On wheat grain at 25 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.95 aW, more AME was produced than AOH or AE, but at...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2004·Journal of Food Protection·Sonia MarínVicente Sanchis
Nov 1, 2011·Mycotoxin Research·Peter S Solomon
Feb 18, 2006·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Khululiwe Mashinini, Michael F Dutton
Sep 18, 2010·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·M C KandhaiH J Van der Fels-Klerx
Jan 15, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Elizabet Janić HajnalMarija Škrinjar
Sep 1, 1989·Mycotoxin Research·J Grabarkiewicz-SzczęsnaP Zajkowski
Dec 21, 2012·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Jovana VučkovićFerenc Bagi
Jun 15, 2016·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Doris Marko, Fritz Boege
Feb 18, 2014·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Sonja PrussReinhard Fischer
Sep 7, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Soraia V M de SáSara C Cunha
Jul 7, 2005·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Claudia R PozziBenedito Corrêa

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