Effectiveness and reaction networks of H2O2 vapor with NH3 gas for decontamination of the toxic warfare nerve agent, VX on a solid surface

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
Sam Gon Ryu, Hae Wan Lee

Abstract

The nerve agent, O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) must be promptly eliminated following its release into the environment because it is extremely toxic, can cause death within a few minutes after exposure, acts through direct skin contact as well as inhalation, and persists in the environment for several weeks after release. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide vapor and ammonia gas was examined as a decontaminant for the removal of VX on solid surfaces at ambient temperature, and the reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). All the VX on glass wool filter disks was found to be eliminated after 2 h of exposure to the decontaminant mixtures, and the primary decomposition product was determined to be non-toxic ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA); no toxic S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioic acid (EA-2192), which is usually produced in traditional basic hydrolysis systems, was found to be formed. However, other by-products, such as toxic O-ethyl S-vinyl methylphosphonothioate and (2-diisopropylaminoethyl) vinyl disulfide, were detected up to 150 min of exposure to the decontaminant mixture; these by-pr...Continue Reading

References

Dec 10, 1999·Environmental Health Perspectives·N B MunroV Hauschild
Jan 24, 2007·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·George W WagnerLewis I Schwartz
Aug 11, 2011·Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences·K GanesanR Vijayaraghavan

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BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR

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