Effectiveness of voluntary conservation agreements: case study of endangered whales and commercial whale watching

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
David N WileyCarole Carlson

Abstract

The use of voluntary approaches to achieve conservation goals is becoming increasingly popular. Nevertheless, few researchers have quantitatively evaluated their efficacy. In 1998 industry, government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations established a voluntary conservation program for whale watching in the northeast region of the United States, with the intent to avoid collisions with and harassment of endangered whales by commercial and recreational whale-watching vessels. One important aspect of the program was the establishment of 3 speed zones within specific distances of whales. We wanted to determine the level of compliance with this aspect of the program to gauge its efficacy and gain insights into the effectiveness of voluntary measures as a conservation tool. Inconspicuous observers accompanied 46 commercial whale-watching trips from 12 companies in 2003 (n= 35) and 2004 (n= 11). During each trip, vessel position and speed were collected at 5-second intervals with a GPS receiver. Binoculars with internal laser rangefinders and digital compasses were used to record range and bearing to sighted whales. We mapped whale locations with ArcGIS. We created speed-zone buffers around sighted whales and overlaid them wit...Continue Reading

References

Feb 20, 2003·Environmental Management·Carol ScarpaciPeter J Corkeron
Dec 22, 2006·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Lars BejderMichael Krützen

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Citations

Jun 21, 2014·PeerJ·Gregory K SilberChristopher J Fonnesbeck
Apr 22, 2011·Journal of Environmental Management·Alejandro Ortega-ArguetaMarc Hockings
Sep 25, 2009·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Angelia S M Vanderlaan, Christopher T Taggart
Jan 13, 2015·Journal of Environmental Management·Shelley Burgin, Nigel Hardiman
Nov 30, 2019·Conservation Physiology·Christopher S MurrayHannes Baumann

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