PMID: 14404541Feb 1, 1960Paper

Effects of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and related halogenated pyrimidines on the sand-dollar embryo

The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology
D A KARNOFSKY, R S BASCH

Abstract

The embryo of the sand-dollar (Echinarachnius parma) was exposed to various concentrations of fluorinated pyrimidines immediately after fertilization. FUDR (5-fluorodeoxyuridine) was most active, and a concentration of 2 to 4 mgamma/10 cc. (0.8 to 1.6 x 10(-6) m.eq./liter) blocked development at the early blastula stage. Larger doses interrupted development at the same stage. This effect was prevented by thymidine (TDR) and thymine (T); and these pyrimidines protected against many times the minimal lethal concentration of FUDR. TDR was active as a protective agent if added just before early blastula formation. The other fluorinated pyrimidines, 5-fluorouracil (FU), 5-fluorouridine (FUR), 5-fluorocytidine (FCR), 5-fluorodeoxycytidine (FCDR), and 5-fluoroorotic acid (FO), were also studied. These drugs produced effects on embryonic development similar to those seen with FUDR. The effective concentrations, however, varied greatly. T and TDR provided protection against these drugs, but in most cases they were not so effective as against FUDR. 5-Bromodeoxyurdine (BrUDR), beginning at the early blastula stage, caused a random pattern of embryonic death up to the pluteus stage. This drug has been shown to be incorporated into bacteria...Continue Reading

References

Mar 30, 1957·Nature·C HEIDELBERGERJ SCHEINER
Feb 9, 1952·Nature·E HOFF-JORGENSEN, E ZEUTHEN
Jul 7, 1950·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·G H HITCHINGSH VANDERWERFF

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Citations

Mar 1, 1964·The Journal of Cell Biology·N K WESSELLS
May 1, 1960·The American Journal of Medicine·I H KRAKOFF
Mar 1, 1991·The American Journal of Anatomy·R M ShahE J Feeley
Feb 1, 1971·Teratology·R G SkalkoJ F Raggio
Feb 1, 1971·Journal of Theoretical Biology·R Tsanev, B Sendov

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