Effects of ambient temperature and cold starts on excess NOx emissions in a gasoline direct injection vehicle

The Science of the Total Environment
Ran TuMarianne Hatzopoulou

Abstract

Studies have demonstrated that vehicles with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines produce significantly higher emissions during a cold start than under hot-stabilized periods. A cold start is typically defined by the temperature of the engine or the catalytic converter; its extended effect on emissions, after the vehicle reaches the warm-up stage, has seldom been investigated. In this study, the influence of the post cold start period on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions was evaluated using real-world measurements. Vehicle on-board diagnostic data, fuel consumption, and emissions of multiple pollutants were collected on a 2020 GDI sports utility vehicle equipped with a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). A total of 31 trips, with two drives per day, were conducted along arterial roads and highways in Toronto, Canada. The results indicate that during the first trip of the day after an overnight soak, the average NOx emission rate was 0.27 g/litre and 0.037 g/km, 384% and 299% higher than the emission rate on the second trip of the day. The amount of trip total NOx emissions is positively associated with the length of the catalytic converter warm-up period with correlation coefficient 0.67. We also observe that the cata...Continue Reading

References

Apr 20, 2016·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Nili GreenbergBoris A Portnov
Dec 1, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Rosalind O'DriscollHelen M ApSimon
Dec 1, 2017·Environmental Pollution·Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, Covadonga Astorga
Dec 11, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Tanzila Khan, H Christopher Frey
Jun 17, 2018·Environmental Research·Barouch GiechaskielMaurizio Maggiore
Aug 5, 2019·Environmental Research·Ricardo Suarez-BertoaCovadonga Astorga

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