Effects of Classroom Ventilation Rate and Temperature on Students' Test Scores

PloS One
U Haverinen-Shaughnessy, R J Shaughnessy

Abstract

Using a multilevel approach, we estimated the effects of classroom ventilation rate and temperature on academic achievement. The analysis is based on measurement data from a 70 elementary school district (140 fifth grade classrooms) from Southwestern United States, and student level data (N = 3109) on socioeconomic variables and standardized test scores. There was a statistically significant association between ventilation rates and mathematics scores, and it was stronger when the six classrooms with high ventilation rates that were indicated as outliers were filtered (> 7.1 l/s per person). The association remained significant when prior year test scores were included in the model, resulting in less unexplained variability. Students' mean mathematics scores (average 2286 points) were increased by up to eleven points (0.5%) per each liter per second per person increase in ventilation rate within the range of 0.9-7.1 l/s per person (estimated effect size 74 points). There was an additional increase of 12-13 points per each 1°C decrease in temperature within the observed range of 20-25°C (estimated effect size 67 points). Effects of similar magnitude but higher variability were observed for reading and science scores. In conclusi...Continue Reading

References

Jan 18, 2006·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·E Sellström, S Bremberg
Jul 1, 2009·Journal of Physical Activity & Health·Catrine Tudor-LockeRichard P Troiano
Oct 30, 2010·Indoor Air·U Haverinen-ShaughnessyR J Shaughnessy
Mar 19, 2014·Indoor Air·R Rylander
Apr 9, 2014·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Mari TurunenUlla Haverinen-Shaughnessy

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Citations

Feb 7, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Stuart Batterman
Jan 13, 2018·Annual Review of Public Health·J G Cedeño-LaurentJ Allen
Oct 1, 2016·Environmental Health Perspectives·Jerome A Paulson, Claire L Barnett
Aug 6, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Shalin Bidassey-ManilalJoyce Shirinde
Jun 2, 2016·The Journal of School Health·William J FiskClaire L Barnett
Feb 27, 2019·Indoor Air·Oluyemi ToyinboUlla Haverinen-Shaughnessy
Apr 17, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Tsukasa KimuraKazumitsu Shinohara
Feb 8, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Mariana-Daniela González-ZamarEmilio Abad-Segura
Jul 18, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Eerika FinellArja Rimpelä
May 20, 2020·GeoHealth·Kristopher B KarnauskasAnna C Schapiro
Feb 26, 2020·Journal of Environmental Management·Liva Asere, Andra Blumberga
Jun 23, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Eerika FinellTimo Ståhl

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Software Mentioned

lmer lme4
SPSS
LMERConvenienceFunctions
R
PlotLMER

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