Effects of different roadway deicing salts on host-parasite interactions: The importance of salt type

Environmental Pollution
Nicholas BussRick A Relyea

Abstract

The application of roadway deicing salts is increasing the salinity of freshwater systems. Increased salinization from salts, such as NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, can have direct, negative impacts on freshwater organisms at concentrations found in nature. Yet, our understanding of how these salts can indirectly impact freshwater organisms by altering important ecological interactions, such as those between hosts and their parasites, is limited. Using a larval amphibian and infectious free-living helminth (i.e. trematode) model, we examined whether exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 1) influence trematode mortality; 2) alter amphibian-trematode interactions; and 3) alter larval amphibian activity (a behavior associated with parasite avoidance). We found that exposure to CaCl2 greatly reduced trematode survival across all Cl- concentrations (230, 500, 860 and 1000 mg Cl- L-1) while NaCl and MgCl2 had no effect. When both host and parasites were exposed to the salts, exposure to NaCl, but not MgCl2 or CaCl2, increased infection. The lack of effect of CaCl2 on infection was likely driven by CaCl2 reducing trematode survival. Exposure to NaCl increased infection at 500 mg Cl- L-1, but not 230 or 8...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 9, 2021·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Nicholas BussJessica Hua

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