Effects of energy density of daily food intake on long-term energy intake

Physiology & Behavior
M S Westerterp-Plantenga

Abstract

An important question that has been raised recently is whether it is mainly the energy density (ED) of the food consumed or its macronutrient composition that determines daily energy intake (EI). In this scope, the effect of ED on EI has been assessed in short-term as well as long-term experiments. Over the short term, i.e., during a meal, it was found that ED affects EI directly; then subjects mainly monitor the weight of the food ingested. Over the long term, the effects of ED on EI are modulated. Average daily energy intake (ADEI) does not only consist of meals but also includes snacks and drinks. ADEI appears to be related to ED of the food and drinks where ED is at least determined by specific macronutrients (primarily fat and carbohydrate), but not when ED is determined only by the weight of water. With respect to the separate effects of the ED of foods and of drinks on ADEI, only ED from foods had a significant relationship with total EI. Moreover, during daily food intake, subjects seem to adapt their portion sizes to estimated EDs. Long-term studies have shown that dietary restraint compensates for the effect of increases in ED on ADEI, whereas unrestrained eaters compensate for the effect of decreases in ED on ADEI. I...Continue Reading

References

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Jul 6, 2004·Physiology & Behavior·M S Westerterp-Plantenga

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Citations

Nov 24, 2011·Amino Acids·Irene Roncero-RamosMaría Pilar Navarro
Jan 14, 2009·The British Journal of Nutrition·Anne-Claire VergnaudSandrine Bertrais
Oct 28, 2010·Nutrition Research Reviews·Niloofar Hariri, Louise Thibault
Aug 27, 2009·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·H L Hartline-GraftonL S Webber
Nov 21, 2012·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·J A HouchinsR D Mattes
Sep 18, 2012·Advances in Nutrition·J Philip Karl, Edward Saltzman
Feb 9, 2010·Appetite·Jeffrey M BrunstromErin Alexander
Nov 21, 2009·Appetite·Bradley M AppelhansBonnie J Spring
Mar 24, 2009·Physiology & Behavior·Barbara J Rolls
May 28, 2005·Obesity Research·Hollie A RaynorRena R Wing
May 26, 2010·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·Lynda H PowellBradley M Appelhans
Jul 26, 2006·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·P K Newby
Jul 26, 2006·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·Jenny H LedikweBarbara J Rolls
Apr 29, 2014·Appetite·Tatjana van StrienCarolina de Weerth
Jul 6, 2004·Physiology & Behavior·M S Westerterp-Plantenga
Apr 12, 2017·The British Journal of Nutrition·K M SasakiC Nagata
Mar 28, 2017·Obesity Surgery·Joana RossellJuan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
Jul 17, 2010·Cardiovascular Therapeutics·Lina BadimonTeresa Padro
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Apr 20, 2010·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·M SatoS Sakai
Apr 3, 2020·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Rodrigo San-CristobalJosé Alfredo Martínez

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