Effects of estrogen receptor GPR30 agonist G1 on neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization in traumatic brain injury rats

Chinese Journal of Traumatology = Zhonghua Chuang Shang Za Zhi
Meng-Xian PanQi Wan

Abstract

To investigate the effects of estrogen G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization in rat traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, TBI + vehicle group, TBI + G1 group. Experimental moderate TBI was induced using Feeney's weigh-drop method. G1 (100μg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously injected from femoral vein at 30 min post-injury. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after injury for detection of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization. Neuronal apoptosis was assayed by immunofluorescent staining of active caspase-3. M1 type microglia markers (iNOS and IL-1β) and M2 type markers (Arg1 and IL-4) were examined by immunoblotting or ELISA. Total protein level of Akt and phosphorylated Akt were assayed by immunoblotting. G1 significantly reduced active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampus. Meanwhile G1 increased the ratio of Arg1/iNOS. IL-1β production was decreased but IL-4 was increased after G1 treatment. G1 treatment also increased the active form of Akt. GPR30 agonist G1 inhibited neuronal apoptosis and favored microglia polarization to M2 type.

Citations

Nov 13, 2019·Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology·Yaqin ZhangFuqiu Li
Jun 10, 2020·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Maricedes Acosta-Martinez
Jul 13, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Rodrigo Azevedo LoiolaSimon McArthur
Mar 20, 2019·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Lei WangZi Ye
Jun 8, 2021·Neural Plasticity·Xin HuangLiang Wen
Jul 24, 2021·European Journal of Pharmacology·Shaojie YangGuoqi Zhu
Aug 6, 2021·Neurobiology of Learning and Memory·Lariza Oliveira de SouzaNadja Schröder

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

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