Abstract
Dietary iodine requirements are increased in pregnancy due to increased thyroid hormone production, increased renal iodine losses, and fetal iodine requirements. Adverse effects of iodine deficiency in pregnancy include maternal and fetal goiter, cretinism, intellectual impairments, neonatal hypothyroidism, and increased pregnancy loss and infant. Dietary iodine requirements remain increased in lactation due to the concentration of iodine in breast milk. Iodine deficiency remains a significant global public health problem. Excess iodine ingestion in pregnancy, while a relatively uncommon problem, may also have adverse fetal effects. However, the safe upper limit for chronic iodine ingestion in pregnancy and lactation is not currently well defined.
References
Mar 1, 1992·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·E Dafnis, S Sabatini
Jul 1, 1967·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·R L Vought, W T London
May 1, 1969·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·D A Fisher, T H Oddie
Dec 29, 1994·The New England Journal of Medicine·X Y CaoG R DeLong
Jun 18, 1998·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·B ElnagarF A Karlsson
Aug 14, 1998·European Journal of Endocrinology·L E Braverman
Jan 5, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·C Herzmann, J K Torrens
Mar 27, 2001·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·L BartalenaE Martino
Jun 9, 2001·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·D Glinoer
Jun 9, 2001·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·K MarkouA G Vagenakis
Jun 9, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J T Dunn, F Delange
Aug 16, 2003·Clinical Endocrinology·Victor J PopJan J de Vijlder
May 26, 2004·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·Jerome M Hershman
Jul 3, 2004·Endocrinology·Rosalind S Brown
Nov 1, 1949·Endocrinology·J WOLFF, I L CHAIKOFF
Oct 27, 2004·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·R T Zoeller, J Rovet
Oct 13, 2006·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·V Younes-RapozoP C Barradas
Feb 22, 2007·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Elizabeth N PearceLewis E Braverman
Mar 11, 2008·Public Health Nutrition·Gabriella Morreale de EscobarFrancisco Escobar del Rey
May 23, 2009·Endocrine Reviews·Michael B Zimmermann
Nov 3, 2009·Clinical Endocrinology·Yuanbin LiTianyi Hua
Nov 6, 2009·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Pernille VejbjergTorben Jørgensen
Jun 11, 2010·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Jens HenrichsHenning Tiemeier
Citations
Mar 7, 2013·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·S Watutantrige FernandoC Mian
Jan 23, 2014·Nutrients·Paolo GhirriAntonio Boldrini
Dec 18, 2013·Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine·Vijaya KancherlaRobert L Brent
Feb 11, 2015·European Journal of Nutrition·Sara Watutantrige FernandoCaterina Mian
Jan 23, 2016·Nutrition·Carmelle Mizéhoun-AdissodaChristian Moesch
Sep 3, 2013·Clinical Endocrinology·Marco MediciRobin P Peeters
Sep 4, 2015·Maternal & Child Nutrition·Cholaros CharoenratanaTheera Tongsong
Sep 19, 2015·Anales de pediatría : publicación oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (A.E.P.)·Susana Ares SeguraUNKNOWN en representación del Comité de Lactancia Materna de la Asociación Española de Pediatría
Aug 14, 2015·The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology·Mark MonahanTracy E Roberts
Jun 20, 2013·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Eduardo A AlbornozClaudia A Riedel
May 22, 2016·Environmental Research·Mary E MortensenBenjamin C Blount
Nov 7, 2014·PloS One·Yang DuDianjun Sun
Feb 11, 2015·Molecular Neurobiology·Hui MinJie Chen
Mar 3, 2018·Nutrients·Sigrun HenjumAnne Lise Brantsæter
Jul 18, 2014·The Journal of Nutrition·Filip RydbeckMaria Kippler
Dec 21, 2016·Aging·Kayla Daniell, Carmelo Nucera
May 16, 2014·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Lorenzo CerretaniEmma Chiavaro
Jul 31, 2019·Biological Trace Element Research·Sima NazarpourFereidoun Azizi
Sep 22, 2018·The Journal of Nutrition·Renjuan ChenNianhong Yang
Mar 28, 2016·Neuromolecular Medicine·Hui MinJie Chen
May 15, 2021·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Mairead E KielyÁine Hennessy
Jun 9, 2021·Thyroid Research·Anna M MonaghanAlison J Yeates
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Tania Maria Barreto RodriguesIleana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio