PMID: 15220791Jun 29, 2004Paper

Effects of laparotomy on spontaneous exploratory activity and conditioned operant responding in the rat: a model for postoperative pain

Anesthesiology
Thomas J MartinJames C Eisenach

Abstract

Treatment of postsurgical pain is a major use of analgesics, particularly after abdominal surgery. Analgesics display a number of limiting side effects, including sedation, cognitive impairment, and ileus. Although several postoperative rodent models have been developed, these models do not address these concerns. A model is presented in the rat in which a subcostal incision is performed, penetrating into the peritoneal cavity. The behavioral effects of this surgical procedure are assessed using exploratory locomotor activity and conditioned operant responding. The effects of morphine and ketorolac were assessed in both behavioral paradigms. Laparotomy decreased ambulation and rearing by approximately 50% 24 h after surgery, and stereotypy (small confined movements) was affected to a lesser degree. The effects of laparotomy on conditioned operant responding were more complex. Total number of sucrose pellets earned was decreased for 2-3 days after laparotomy; however, the amount of time required was increased for up to 2 weeks. Morphine reversed the effects of surgery on ambulation and stereotypy but not rearing, and the dose-effect curve for morphine was shifted to the left by 5 mg/kg ketorolac. Ketorolac produced significant i...Continue Reading

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