Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
Malwenn LassudriePatricia Mirella da Silva

Abstract

Bivalves were long thought to be "symptomless carriers" of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in bivalves, particularly in immunological defense mechanisms. Hemocytes protect tissues by engulfing or encapsulating living pathogens and repair tissue damage caused by injury, poisoning, and infections through inflammatory processes. The effects of HAB exposure observed on bivalve cellular immune variables have raised the question of possible effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. As science has described a previously unrecognized diversity in microalgal bioactive substan...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 25, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jihen ElleuchSlim Abdelkafi
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Andrew D TurnerBenjamin H Maskrey
Oct 22, 2020·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Christopher J Coates, Kenneth Söderhäll
May 11, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Ryhane LounasBoualem Hamdi
Sep 5, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Raquel A F NevesLuciano N Santos

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