PMID: 15253050Jul 16, 2004Paper

Effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on the hibernation success of the American toad (Bufo americanus)

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
S M JamesR D Semlitsch

Abstract

The effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) were evaluated using environmentally relevant concentrations. During or after exposure, toads were individually hibernated for 172 days at approximately 4degreesC. The following experiments were conducted: (1) dermal exposure (hibernation in soil contaminated with up to 120 microg Cd/g (dry weight)); (2) injection exposure (single injection with cadmium to achieve a maximum whole-body nominal concentration of 3 microg Cd/g (wet weight) 12 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil); and, (3) oral exposure (feeding with mealworms containing < or =16 microg Cd/g (dry weight) for 50 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil). We hypothesized that sublethal levels of cadmium would become lethal during hibernation because of combined chemical and cold stress. No prehibernation mortality occurred in the injection and oral exposure studies. There was a significant treatment effect on whole-body cadmium concentration in toads orally or dermally exposed and on percent of cadmium retention in toads orally exposed. There was also a trend of increased time-to-burrowing and more toads partially buried with greater cadmium concentration i...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 10, 2009·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·S I Storrs MéndezR D Semlitsch
Aug 19, 2015·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Francesca SimoncelliAnna Fagotti
Sep 8, 2011·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Carsten A BrühlBrigitte Weber
Sep 8, 2010·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Robin A Angell, G Douglas Haffner
Aug 21, 2007·Environmental Pollution·Philip N SmithKevin D Reynolds
Oct 27, 2015·Oecologia·Jason H O'Connor, Tracy A G Rittenhouse
Mar 30, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Donna A GlinskiS Thomas Purucker
Aug 6, 2013·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·David B MayfieldAnne Fairbrother
Feb 23, 2018·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR)Robert H Smith

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