Effects of short- and long-course antibiotics on the lower intestinal microbiome as they relate to traveller's diarrhea

Journal of Travel Medicine
Lawrence Clifford McDonald

Abstract

Antibiotics have profound and lasting effects on the lower intestinal (gut) microbiome that can both promote resistance and increase susceptibility to colonization and infection; knowledge of these changes is important to the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Recent data from epidemiologic and modern metagenomics studies were reviewed in regard to how such findings could inform the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Although it is well recognized that antibiotics increase the risk for Clostridium difficile infection, it is less recognized how they predispose patients to typically foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella or Camplyobacter spp. While these pathogens account for only a fraction of traveler's diarrhea, such predisposition reflects how antibiotic exposure that precedes or occurs during travel may increase the risk for infection with other more common pathogens, even possibly enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli, especially in the setting of acquired resistance. Even short antibiotic exposures disrupt the gut microbiome up to a year or more and repeated exposures appear to attenuate recovery from ever occurring. One bacterial phylum that commonly increases in the gut following antibiotics are the...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2018·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Hadar NeumanOmry Koren
Jul 18, 2018·Journal of Travel Medicine·Mark S Riddle
Aug 3, 2019·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·Luc ColasUNKNOWN DIVAT Consortium
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May 25, 2021·Gastroenterology Clinics of North America·James M FleckensteinAlaullah Sheikh

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