Effects of single and combined exposure of pharmaceutical drugs (carbamazepine and cetirizine) and a metal (cadmium) on the biochemical responses of R. philippinarum

Aquatic Toxicology
Ângela AlmeidaRosa Freitas

Abstract

In the aquatic environment, organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of contaminants which may alter the toxicity profile of each compound, compared to its toxicity alone. Pharmaceutical drugs (e.g. carbamazepine (CBZ) and cetirizine (CTZ)) and metals (e.g. cadmium (Cd)) are among those contaminants that co-occur in the environment. However, most studies concerning their toxicity towards aquatic species are based on single exposure experiments. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate single and combined effects of Cd and CBZ or CTZ (single conditions: Cd, CTZ, CBZ; combined conditions: CTZ + Cd, CBZ + Cd) on biomarkers related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum, by exposing the organisms for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of these contaminants. The biomarkers studied were: i) the electron transport system activity, protein and glycogen contents (indicators of organisms' metabolic status and energy reserves); ii) lipid peroxidation and the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (indicators of oxidative stress); iii) superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (enzymes indicators of antioxidant defence) and iv) activity of glutathione S-transferases...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 25, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Carla Patrícia SilvaVânia Calisto
Feb 24, 2020·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Guilaine JariaValdemar I Esteves
Mar 2, 2019·Journal of Environmental Management·Carlos Peña-GuzmánManuel Rodriguez-Pinzón
Apr 21, 2021·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Ângela AlmeidaRosa Freitas
May 7, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Vanessa QueirósRosa Freitas
Jul 18, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·André Luís de Sá SalomãoMarcia Marques
Jan 12, 2022·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Hugo Baali, Claudia Cosio

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