Effects of the estrous cycle and pregnancy status on cardiovascular variables in healthy bitches.

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology
J WardS Sathe

Abstract

The aim of the study was to characterize changes in maternal cardiovascular variables throughout the reproductive cycle in healthy bitches and determine whether magnitude of pregnancy-induced changes correlates to litter size. Eleven client-owned breeding bitches were included in the study. Bitches were enrolled prospectively and followed up longitudinally throughout a single reproductive cycle. Physical examination, echocardiography, blood pressure analysis, and plasma volume estimation were performed during proestrus, diestrus (early and late pregnancy), and anestrus. Fetal echocardiography was performed during late pregnancy. Data were compared across visits using a linear mixed-effects model, and correlation between variables was assessed. Compared with proestrus, no significant changes were observed at any phase of the cycle in heart rate, blood pressure, echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular size or function, or echocardiographic calculations of stroke volume or cardiac output. Estimated plasma volume increased by 29.6% in early pregnancy (p < 0.001) and 70.7% in late pregnancy (p < 0.001). Fetal echocardiography was feasible in a subset of fetuses for each bitch. There was a significant correlation between e...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 4, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Monica MelandriSalvatore Alonge

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