Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has altered the epidemiological and clinical profile of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. In children however, unlike in adults, very little has been documented about the interaction between the two diseases. To examine the clinical features and response to TB treatment in children with TB and HIV, and compare them with those with TB alone. A prospectively enrolled case study with systematically selected controls was conducted between 1992 and 1994 at King George V tuberculosis hospital, in Durban. Forty children with TB and HIV (Group A) were compared with 40 children with TB alone (Group B). The diagnosis of TB was made in accordance with established criteria. Measures of comparison between the groups included: history of contact with a TB case, clinical presentation on admission, presence of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar, reaction to tuberculin test, clinical response to anti-tuberculosis treatment (mean weight gain per month, improved appetite, resolution of chest signs, decreasing size of visceromegaly), radiological response to treatment (assessed according to an objective score on admission, at 6 months and on discharge), other associated diseases, nosocomial infections and su...Continue Reading
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