Efferocytosis of Pathogen-Infected Cells

Frontiers in Immunology
Niloofar Karaji, Quentin J Sattentau

Abstract

The prompt and efficient clearance of unwanted and abnormal cells by phagocytes is termed efferocytosis and is crucial for organism development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and regulation of the immune system. Dying cells are recognized by phagocytes through pathways initiated via "find me" signals, recognition via "eat me" signals and down-modulation of regulatory "don't eat me" signals. Pathogen infection may trigger cell death that drives phagocytic clearance in an immunologically silent, or pro-inflammatory manner, depending on the mode of cell death. In many cases, efferocytosis is a mechanism for eliminating pathogens and pathogen-infected cells; however, some pathogens have subverted this process and use efferocytic mechanisms to avoid innate immune detection and assist phagocyte infection. In parallel, phagocytes can integrate signals received from infected dying cells to elicit the most appropriate effector response against the infecting pathogen. This review focuses on pathogen-induced cell death signals that drive infected cell recognition and uptake by phagocytes, and the outcomes for the infected target cell, the phagocyte, the pathogen and the host.

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Citations

Jun 5, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Hugh Z FordDavid R Greaves
Mar 7, 2020·International Reviews of Immunology·Vijay Kumar
Jul 22, 2019·Veterinary Research·Dvir MintzNahum Y Shpigel
May 2, 2020·Viruses·Maeva Dupont, Quentin James Sattentau
Feb 13, 2021·Pathogens·David Jiao ZhengBryan Heit
Jul 13, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Adonis SferaZisis Kozlakidis
Aug 26, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·R N LeanderZ Sinkala
Oct 9, 2021·Circulation Research·Mallikarjun PatilPrasanna Krishnamurthy

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
membrane shearing

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