Efficacy of Hot Water and Chlorine for Eradication of Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae from Spinach Seed

Plant Disease
L J du Toit, Pablo Hernandez-Perez

Abstract

Cladosporium variabile, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae are seedborne and seed-transmitted pathogens of spinach. Spinach seed treatments in 1.2% NaOCl for 10 to 60 min, or hot water (40, 45, 50, 55, and 60°C) for 10 to 40 min, were evaluated for eradication of these fungi from seed. C. variabile and V. dahliae were largely eradicated by chlorine treatment for ≥ 10 min. Although chlorine treatment reduced the incidence of S. botryosum, this fungus was not eradicated after 60 min in chlorine. Seed germination was not affected adversely by chlorine treatment, even after 60 min. In contrast, germination was reduced significantly by hot water treatment at 50°C for ≥30 min or 55 or 60°C for ≥10 min. C. variabile was eradicated from seed treated in 40°C water for 10 min. V. dahliaewas eradicated from seed treated at 55°C for ≥30 min or 60 °C for ≥10 min. S. botryosum was eradicated from a lightly infected seed lot (5% incidence) by hot water treatment at 55 or 60 °C for ≥10 min, but could not be eradicated from two heavily infected lots (>65% incidence), even at 60°C for 40 min. Using precisely controlled parameters, chlorine or hot water seed treatments can be used to eradicate C. variabile and reduce the incidence of...Continue Reading

References

Oct 24, 2008·Phytopathology·Y YangE J Anderson
Jan 1, 2005·Plant Disease·Lindsey J du ToitPablo Hernandez-Perez
Aug 1, 2001·Plant Disease·L J du Toit, M L Derie
Feb 1, 2001·Plant Disease·Steven T KoikeEdward E Butler

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Citations

Jul 26, 2019·Plant Disease·Maria Lodovica GullinoAngelo Garibaldi
Jul 14, 2017·Phytopathology·Christine L CarrollKrishna V Subbarao
Jul 21, 2017·Phytopathology·Robin Alan ChoudhuryNeil McRoberts
Aug 1, 2016·Plant Disease·Rumakanta SapkotaMogens Nicolaisen
May 16, 2014·Journal of Applied Microbiology·C FengJ C Correll
Sep 14, 2018·Plant Disease·Tamilarasan ThangavelCalum R Wilson

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