Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis of tolbutamide in rats under conditions of the plasma unbound fraction being increased

Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition
Takashi MakitaYuji Kurosaki

Abstract

Peritoneal dialysis of a highly protein-bound compound, tolbutamide, was examined in rats to clarify whether the efficacy of the peritoneal dialysis of such compounds increases proportionally as their unbound fractions increase. As expected, it was shown that the tolbutamide concentration of the peritoneal dialysate rose as the unbound fraction of tolbutamide increased. However, the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis of tolbutamide was proportionally elevated only when the unbound fraction was slightly increased by sulfamethoxazole treatment. When the unbound fraction of tolbutamide was increased 7.8 times by sulfadimethoxine treatment, the dialysis efficacy was increased to only 58% of that expected. This discrepancy between the observed and expected values regarding dialysis efficacy was more marked when experiments were performed in rats with experimentally induced acute renal failure. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the intrinsic dialysis clearance of tolbutamide decreased when its unbound fraction was greatly increased. These findings suggest that peritoneal dialysis may be mediated not only by passive diffusion, but also by concentration-dependent processes. The efficacy of the peritoneal dialysis of therapeutic comp...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1976·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·J J ThiessenL Dolman
Aug 1, 1991·Kidney International·B RippeB Haraldsson
Aug 1, 1991·Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·M F Flessner
Jan 1, 1988·Nephron·H Mabuchi, H Nakahashi
Jun 11, 1998·Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·M TanakaK Minagawa
Nov 12, 1998·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·H TakanagaY Sawada
Jul 7, 1999·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·B KaplanL M Shaw
Sep 2, 2006·Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics·Tetsuya AibaYuji Kurosaki
Mar 3, 2007·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·Jaakko PuttonenPertti J Pentikäinen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.