Eicosapentaenoic acid, a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid differentially modulates TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and PGE2 expression in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Annemie PupeMarjan Garmyn

Abstract

In response to UVB-irradiation keratinocytes release a variety of cytokines and prostaglandins, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly present in fish oil, can modulate cytokine synthesis, as predominantly studied in macrophages. In order to investigate the immune modulating actions of n-3 PUFA on the UVB response in human skin, we investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a n-3 PUFA and a precursor of eicosanoid biosynthesis, on UVB-modulated TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, and PGE2 expression in normal human keratinocytes (NHK). We show that cultured NHK can efficiently take up EPA. Basal TNF-alpha expression is very low in NHK. IL-1alpha on the contrary is significantly present in untreated cultured NHK. Upon UVB-irradiation (32 mJ per cm2) TNF-alpha mRNA expression and secretion is induced and IL-1alpha mRNA expression is reduced, although IL-1alpha secretion is induced. EPA treatment results in higher TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha expression, both in nonirradiated and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Moreover EPA and UVB appear to act synergistically to superinduce TNF-alpha express...Continue Reading

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