Eighteen-Month-Old Infants Correct Non-Conforming Actions by Others

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
Marco F H SchmidtMichael Tomasello

Abstract

At around their third birthday, children begin to enforce social norms on others impersonally, often using generic normative language, but little is known about the developmental building blocks of this abstract norm understanding. Here, we investigate whether even toddlers show signs of enforcing on others interpersonally how "we" do things. In an initial dyad, 18-month-old infants learnt a simple game-like action from an adult. In two experiments, the adult either engaged infants in a normative interactive activity (stressing that this is the way "we" do it) or, as a non-normative control, marked the same action as idiosyncratic, based on individual preference. In a test dyad, infants had the opportunity to spontaneously intervene when a puppet partner performed an alternative action. Infants intervened, corrected, and directed the puppet more in the normative than in the non-normative conditions. These findings suggest that, during the second year of life, infants develop second-personal normative expectations about their partner's behavior ("You should do X!") in social interactions, thus making an important step toward understanding the normative structure of human cultural activities. These simple normative expectations w...Continue Reading

References

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Jan 31, 2016·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Lucas P Butler, Michael Tomasello
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Sep 17, 2016·Psychological Science·Marco F H SchmidtMichael Tomasello
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Jun 27, 2017·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Andrew Shtulman, Jonathan Phillips
May 1, 2006·Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·Susan A GrahamAnnette M E Henderson

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Citations

Apr 22, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Bailey R HouseJoan B Silk
May 1, 2020·The Behavioral and Brain Sciences·Zoe Liberman, John W Du Bois
May 30, 2021·Cognition·Talee ZivJessica A Sommerville

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