Elastases and elastokines: elastin degradation and its significance in health and disease.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Andrea Heinz

Abstract

Elastin is an important protein of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates, which confers elasticity and resilience to various tissues and organs including lungs, skin, large blood vessels and ligaments. Owing to its unique structure, extensive cross-linking and durability, it does not undergo significant turnover in healthy tissues and has a half-life of more than 70 years. Elastin is not only a structural protein, influencing the architecture and biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, but also plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Bioactive elastin peptides termed elastokines - in particular those of the GXXPG motif - occur as a result of proteolytic degradation of elastin and its non-cross-linked precursor tropoelastin and display several biological activities. For instance, they promote angiogenesis or stimulate cell adhesion, chemotaxis, proliferation, protease activation and apoptosis. Elastin-degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, serine proteases and cysteine proteases slowly damage elastin over the lifetime of an organism. The destruction of elastin and the biological processes triggered by elastokines favor the development and progression of various pathological con...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 3, 2020·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Brandon Satz-Jacobowitz, Dirk Hubmacher
Oct 7, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Soon Shik Shin, Michung Yoon
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