Abstract
The electric-optical property of the proton exchanged phase modulator in an x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film was studied. Proton exchanged waveguides generally suffered from a deteriorated electric-optical coefficient. By introducing a shallow proton exchange layer (thickness = 0.165 μm), most energy of the optical mode was allowed to guide in the untouched single-crystal lithium niobate film, making contribution to the effective electric-optical coefficient as high as 29.5 pm/V, which was very close to that of the bulk lithium niobate (r33 = 31 pm/V). A 12 V voltage applied to the electrodes located on the two sides of the waveguide induced a 0.097 nm shift of the Fabry-Perot resonant peak. Considering the wavelength difference of the neighboring resonant peaks (0.228 nm) and the length of the electrodes (2.3 mm), the voltage-length product was as low as 6.5 V·cm, indicating the efficient electric-optical modulation.
References
Nov 17, 2007·Optics Letters·Krishnan R ParameswaranMasatoshi Fujimura
Nov 1, 1988·Optics Letters·P G SuchoskiF J Leonberger
Jan 7, 2010·Optics Express·H HuW Sohler
Feb 15, 2012·Optics Express·H LuM-P Bernal
Oct 24, 2013·Optics Express·Payam RabieiSasan Fathpour
Nov 13, 2013·Optics Express·Li ChenRonald M Reano
Sep 23, 2014·Physical Review Letters·H JinS N Zhu
Oct 17, 2014·Optics Express·Hsu-Cheng HuangRichard M Osgood
Nov 18, 2014·Optics Express·Xin Wang, Christi K Madsen
Jan 22, 2015·Optics Express·Cheng WangMarko Lončar
Jan 30, 2015·Scientific Reports·Jintian LinYa Cheng
Jun 16, 2015·Optics Letters·Reinhard GeissThomas Pertsch
Sep 15, 2015·Optics Express·Ashutosh RaoSasan Fathpour
Sep 26, 2015·Optics Express·Shuang LiHui Hu
Nov 13, 2015·Optics Express·Lutong CaiHui Hu
Citations
Nov 25, 2018·Optics Express·Fupeng TianZhe Chen
Feb 7, 2018·Optics Express·Cheng WangMarko Lončar
Aug 9, 2020·Nature Communications·Mengyue XuXinlun Cai
Dec 23, 2016·Optics Letters·Yuan WangHuihui Lu
Jun 8, 2018·Optics Express·Andrew J MercanteDennis W Prather
Apr 15, 2017·Optics Letters·Suxu ZhouHuihui Lu
Mar 31, 2017·Scientific Reports·Zhiwei FangYa Cheng
Oct 30, 2020·Optics Express·Qingming ChenXuming Zhang
Jun 19, 2021·Applied Optics·Shashank AwasthiAlak Majumder