Electroencephalographic findings during mantra meditation (transcendental meditation). A controlled, quantitative study of experienced meditators

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
B StigsbyH B Moth

Abstract

The EEGs of 13 experienced practitioners of transcendental meditation (TM) were recorded for 5 min preceding TM, during 20 min of TM and until 5 min after, as well as during closed-eyed wakefulness, drowsiness, sleep onset and sleep. Thirteen healthy volunteers matched for age served as control subjects. Computer period-amplitude analysis of F3-C3, T3-T5, P3-O1, F4-C4 and P4-O2 epochs of 50--100 sec duration resulted in a frequency and amplitude spectrum (0.5--28.6 c/sec), and the mean frequency and the mean voltage of each EEG lead. The EEG frequency spectra constituted a continuum with increasing theta and delta activity and decreasing alpha activity as the participants tended to fall asleep. The frequency spectrum during TM corresponded to a spectrum situated between that of wakefulness and drowsiness and remained virtually unchanged during the 20 min of meditation. The EEG mean frequency of the TM group was about 1 c/sec slower than that of the control group. Intra- or interhemispheric differences between quantities of EEG activity remained stable during TM, nor did we observe any theta bursts. There was no consistent EEG patter associated with a successful or unsuccessful meditation, nor did the EEGs of two meditators who ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 15, 2005·Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback·Gregg D Jacobs, Richard Friedman
Dec 23, 2003·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Vadim S Rotenberg
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Feb 3, 2015·Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology·Mahsa VaghefiShahriar Gharibzadeh
Jan 30, 2015·BioMed Research International·Henrique Adam PasquiniPedro Ribeiro
Jul 30, 2014·Frontiers in Psychiatry·John W Thomas, Marc Cohen
Aug 26, 2006·Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B·Ephraim Philip Lansky, Erik K St Louis
Feb 1, 1988·The International Journal of Neuroscience·J Z ZhangQ N He
May 23, 2018·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Ahmad HassanChen Qibing
Feb 21, 2009·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Zhen QinNeal S Hermanowicz
Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience·Camila Sardeto DeolindoElisa Harumi Kozasa

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