Electrokinetic mixing in electrode-embedded multiwell plates to improve the diffusion limited kinetics of biosensing platforms

Analytica Chimica Acta
Emir YasunIgor Mezić

Abstract

Rapid and accurate biosensing with low concentrations of the analytes is usually challenged by the diffusion limited reaction kinetics. Thus, as a remedy, long incubation times or excess amounts of the reagents are employed to ensure the reactions to go to completion. Therefore, mixing becomes both a serious problem and necessity to overcome that diffusion limitation and homogenize the samples, especially for the biochemical reactions that take place in multiwell plates. Because the current mixing platforms such as shakers/vortexers, sonicators, magnetic stirrers and acoustic mixers have disadvantages including, but not limited to, being invasive/harfmul to the samples, causing the samples to splash out or stick to the walls of the wells and allowing foreign compartments to enter the solutions in the wells. Here we propose a noninvasive and safer (considering the risk of sample loss) technology that provides electrokinetic-mixing (EKM) of the reagents placed in electrode-embedded multiwell plates where the incubation times, or in other words, the time required for the desired molecules to meet in stationary solutions, can be reduced substantially. In order to demonstrate the power of this innovation, in this specific case, a si...Continue Reading

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