Electrolyte Disorders Induced by Antineoplastic Drugs

Frontiers in Oncology
Ignazio VerziccoAderville Cabassi

Abstract

The use of antineoplastic drugs has a central role in treatment of patients affected by cancer but is often associated with numerous electrolyte derangements which, in many cases, could represent life-threatening conditions. In fact, while several anti-cancer agents can interfere with kidney function leading to acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hypertension, in many cases alterations of electrolyte tubular handling and water balance occur. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the disturbances of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate metabolism during anti-cancer treatment. Platinum compounds are associated with sodium, potassium, and magnesium derangements while alkylating agents and Vinca alkaloids with hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Novel anti-neoplastic agents, such as targeted therapies (monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunomodulators, mammalian target of rapamycin), can induce SIADH-related hyponatremia and, less frequently, urinary sodium loss. The blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by anti-EGFR antibodies can result in clinically significant magnesium and potassium losses. Finally, the tumor lysis sy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Cancers·Giulia Puliani, Marialuisa Appetecchia
May 28, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Lan-Qing LiangFang Liu
Sep 24, 2021·Transplant International : Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation·Umberto MaggiorePaolo Cravedi

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