Electrolytic exfoliation of graphite in water with multifunctional electrolytes: en route towards high quality, oxide-free graphene flakes

Nanoscale
J M MunueraJ M D Tascón

Abstract

Electrolytic - usually referred to as electrochemical - exfoliation of graphite in water under anodic potential holds enormous promise as a simple, green and high-yield method for the mass production of graphene, but currently suffers from several drawbacks that hinder its widespread adoption, one of the most critical being the oxidation and subsequent structural degradation of the carbon lattice that is usually associated with such a production process. To overcome this and other limitations, we introduce and implement the concept of multifunctional electrolytes. The latter are amphiphilic anions (mostly polyaromatic hydrocarbons appended with sulfonate groups) that play different relevant roles as (1) an intercalating electrolyte to trigger exfoliation of graphite into graphene flakes, (2) a dispersant to afford stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of the flakes suitable for further use, (3) a sacrificial agent to prevent graphene oxidation during exfoliation and (4) a linker to promote nanoparticle anchoring on the graphene flakes, yielding functional hybrids. The implementation of this strategy with some selected amphiphiles even furnishes anodically exfoliated graphenes of a quality similar to that of flakes produced by di...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 9, 2017·Nanoscale·Vitaly V Chaban, Oleg V Prezhdo
Jul 6, 2017·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Matilde ErediaPaolo Samorì
Feb 1, 2020·Advanced Materials·Sheng YangXinliang Feng
May 9, 2019·Advanced Science·Małgorzata KrystekPaolo Samorì
Dec 16, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Hengcong TaoJohn Texter
Oct 25, 2016·Chemistry : a European Journal·Marta SevillaAntonio B Fuertes
Mar 30, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Seyyed Alireza MirkhaniChong Min Koo
Feb 4, 2021·Nanotechnology·Sikandar AftabMuhammad Zahir Iqbal

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