Electronic and vibrational spectra of positive polarons and bipolarons in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) doped with ferric chloride

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
Jun Yamamoto, Yukio Furukawa

Abstract

We studied the carriers generated in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) upon FeCl3 vapor and solution doping using visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) absorption, infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Upon doping with an FeCl3 solution in air, the main carriers that were generated were positive polarons. Upon doping with FeCl3 vapor, positive polarons also formed initially, but at higher doping levels, positive bipolarons formed with the concomitant disappearance of the positive polarons. The Raman and IR spectra of the positive bipolarons and the positive polarons were obtained. Raman spectroscopy is very useful for characterizing positive polarons and bipolarons. The Raman results indicated that the positive bipolarons were converted to polarons upon heating to 85 °C, indicating that the positive bipolarons formed a metastable state. The temporal changes in the electrical conductivity of a P3HT film upon doping with FeCl3 vapor were measured. The conductivity reached a maximum and then decreased by 2 orders of magnitude. This result suggests that the mobility of the polarons is approximately 100 times as high as that of the bipolarons.

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Citations

Jun 10, 2016·ACS Central Science·Georg Heimel
Jul 13, 2016·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Barun DharaNirmalya Ballav
Sep 9, 2016·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Chuan QianQing Wan
Jan 30, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Tomohisa TakayaKoichi Iwata
Oct 27, 2016·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·Christina EnenglEitan Ehrenfreund
Oct 1, 2020·Advanced Science·Berthold WegnerNorbert Koch
Dec 10, 2020·Advanced Materials·Matthew G VossBenjamin J Schwartz
Dec 22, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Sandra L PittelliJohn R Reynolds
Feb 19, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Sebastian BonarddAngel Leiva
Aug 7, 2019·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Patrick Y YeeSarah H Tolbert
Oct 14, 2021·Soft Matter·Devendra KumarS Krishnamoorthi
Nov 19, 2021·Chemical Reviews·Alberto D ScaccabarozziThomas D Anthopoulos

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