PMID: 8450990Mar 1, 1993Paper

Electrophysiologic detection of extrapyramidal motor signs in Alzheimer's disease

Neurology
U KischkaJ H Growdon

Abstract

We applied quantitative methods to measure extrapyramidal signs in 50 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 40 age-matched control subjects. We measured tremor using accelerometers, bradykinesia using computer-detected reaction times (RTs) and movement times (MTs), and rigidity using a strain gauge linked to a movable arm rest. We excluded subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and subjects who required antiparkinsonian, neuroleptic, or anxiolytic medications. Aside from rigidity in two patients, there were no extrapyramidal signs on clinical examination. Based on electrophysiologic measures, however, there was a significant increase in muscle tone (p < 0.001), RT (p < 0.01), and MT (p < 0.03) in AD patients as a group compared with control subjects. Within the AD group, muscle tone and MTs increased across clinical stages of dementia severity (p < 0.05). Tremor frequency and amplitude were normal in AD subjects. These data indicate that quantitative neurophysiologic measures are superior to conventional clinical examinations in detecting extrapyramidal signs in AD. The pathologic substrates of extrapyramidal signs in AD are uncertain but seem to be linked to the degenerative AD process.

Citations

Jun 14, 2003·Neuropsychology·Elizabeth A KensingerSuzanne Corkin
Dec 1, 1994·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·M MerelloS Starkstein
Sep 17, 2005·Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders·E Bramell-RisbergS Elmståhl
Aug 19, 2007·Cerebrospinal Fluid Research·Allen S MandirDaniele Rigamonti
Feb 28, 2015·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Panos TheofilasLea Tenenholz Grinberg
Sep 18, 2018·Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association·Shoichi Sasaki

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