Electrophysiological characteristics of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 1-3 neurones: insights from a study of fish brains

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Yoshitaka Oka

Abstract

The vertebrate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones are considered to consist of one group of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and two groups of extrahypothalamic neuromodulatory GnRH neurones, and each group of neurones expresses different molecular species of GnRH peptide. Different GnRH peptides are produced by one of the three paralogous GnRH genes, gnrh1, gnrh2 and gnrh3, which are considered to have originated from gene duplications. All three GnRH systems are well developed in teleost brains. By taking advantage of this, and especially the use of GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic fish, the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of all three types of GnRH neurones can now be studied. The hypophysiotropic GnRH1 neurones in the preoptic area show episodic spontaneous electrical activities, whereas the extrahypothalamic GnRH2 neurones in the midbrain and GnRH3 neurones in the terminal nerve show regular intrinsic pacemaker activities. It is suggested that these different electrophysiological properties are related to their different functions (i.e. GnRH1 neurones act as hypophysiotropic neuroendocrine regulators and GnRH2 and GnRH3 neurones act as neuromodulators). The present review focuses on recent e...Continue Reading

References

Feb 8, 1991·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Y Oka, M Ichikawa
Aug 6, 1999·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·R D Fernald, R B White
Nov 7, 2000·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·N Yamamoto, H Ito
Nov 29, 2002·Molecular Endocrinology·R Anthony DeFazioSuzanne M Moenter
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May 8, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Siddharth Ramakrishnan, Nancy L Wayne
Jan 15, 2010·Journal of Neurophysiology·Ryo Nakane, Yoshitaka Oka

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Citations

Nov 6, 2012·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Buntaro ZempoYoshitaka Oka
Oct 18, 2011·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Ilaria PotolicchioPaolo Meda

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