Elevated Activating Transcription Factor 4 and Glucose-Regulated 78 Kda Protein Levels Correlate with Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor and Vitreous of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Current Eye Research
Yanuo WangXi Shen

Abstract

To determine concentrations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and glucose-regulated 78 kDa protein (GRP78) in vitreous and aqueous humor (AqH) of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the correlation of ATF4, GRP78 and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). AqH and vitreous samples were collected from eyes of patients with PDR and idiopathic macular hole (IMH) which needed vitrectomy. Protein Levels of ATF4, GRP78, and IL-6, MCP-1 in samples were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA analysis revealed significantly increased levels in both AqH and vitreous of ATF4 and GRP78 in eyes affected with PDR compared to the controls (all p < 0.001). The mean concentrations of IL-6, MCP-1 were also higher in both AqH and vitreous samples from patients with PDR compared to those of IMH (all p < 0.001). (Independent Student t-test, normality test followed with Skewness-Kurtosis Test). In addition, correlations of ATF4 and GRP78 with inflammatory factors IL-6 and MCP-1 in subjects of patients were analyzed. No significant correlation between the AqH concentrations of ATF4/IL-6 and AT...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 13, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Priyamvada M PitaleMarina Gorbatyuk
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Hiroto YasudaHideaki Hara

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