Elevated Fecal pH Indicates a Profound Change in the Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiome Due to Reduction ofBifidobacterium over the Past Century

MSphere
Bethany M HenrickSteven A Frese

Abstract

Historically,Bifidobacteriumspecies were reported as abundant in the breastfed infant gut. However, recent studies in resource-rich countries show an increased abundance of taxa regarded as signatures of dysbiosis. It is unclear whether these differences are the product of genetics, geographic factors, or interventions such as formula feeding, antibiotics, and caesarean section. Fecal pH is strongly associated withBifidobacteriumabundance; thus, pH could be an indicator of its historical abundance. A review of 14 clinical studies published between 1926 and 2017, representing more than 312 healthy breastfed infants, demonstrated a change in fecal pH from 5.0 to 6.5 (adjustedr2= 0.61). This trend of increasing infant fecal pH over the past century is consistent with current reported discrepancies inBifidobacteriumspecies abundance in the gut microbiome in resource-rich countries compared to that in historical reports. Our analysis showed that increased fecal pH and abundance of members of the familiesEnterobacteriaceae,Clostridiaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae, andVeillonellaceaeare associated, indicating that loss of highly specializedBifidobacteriumspecies may result in dysbiosis, the implications of which are not yet fully elucidat...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

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