Elevated formaldehyde concentration in "Brazilian keratin type" hair-straightening products: a cross-sectional study

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Mbulelo H ManeliNonhlanhla P Khumalo

Abstract

Brazilian keratin treatment (BKT) and similar straightening products fix and retain a straight shape even when the hair is wet. Unacceptably high concentrations of formaldehyde have been reported in such products. We sought to measure the formaldehyde concentration in all BKT brands marketed in South Africa in 2012. We quantified formaldehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet light detection after derivatization with dinitrophenylhydrazine. All components of 7 identified commercial brands were each tested 3 times. The maximum safe concentration of formaldehyde set by the US Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel is less than 0.2%. Of the 7 commercial BKT brands, 6 had formaldehyde levels that ranged from 0.96% to 1.4%, ie, 5 times higher than the recommended level; these included 5 brands labeled formaldehyde-free. The study is limited by not including all internationally available BKT products. Formaldehyde concentrations in BKT products may exceed recommended levels and serve as a health hazard. Industry monitoring is needed to improve compliance and protection of hairdressers and consumers.

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Citations

Mar 13, 2015·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·S A AryikuN G Jablonski
Aug 11, 2015·Contact Dermatitis·Olivier AertsSandra Apers
Mar 23, 2017·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·M G A Leite, P M B G Maia Campos
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May 8, 2018·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Marcella Gabarra Almeida Leite, Patricia M B G Maia Campos
Jul 2, 2016·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Erica N OiyeMarcelo F de Oliveira
Dec 12, 2019·Frontiers in Chemistry·Lanlan WangMadalena Martins
Aug 25, 2020·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Paulo Müller RamosHélio Amante Miot
Jan 15, 2021·Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology·Nazeer Hussain KhanXin-Ying Ji

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