PMID: 9447449Jan 1, 1997Paper

Elevated levels of tau and ubiquitin in brain and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease

International Psychogeriatrics
K Iqbal, I Grundke-Iqbal

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is histopathologically characterized by the presence of numerous neurons with neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) in the neocortex, particularly the hippocampus. The major protein subunit of PHF, which also accumulate as neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites of the neuritic (senile) plaques, is the microtubule-associated protein tau. tau in AD brain is abnormally hyperphosphorylated. In addition to hyperphosphorylation, some of the AD tau is also ubiquitinated. The level of tau in AD brain is elevated severalfold, and this increase is in the form of the abnormally phospholylated tau. The levels of conjugated ubiquitin are also increased severalfold in AD brain. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of both tau and ubiquitin are elevated in AD. However, some of the normal elderly and non-AD neurological control cases also show elevated levels of these two proteins in the CSF. At present, it is not clear whether the overlap in CSF tau or ubiquitin values between AD and the control groups is due to some unknown heterogeneity of AD, inclusion of presymptomatic AD cases in the control group, or lack of specificity of the CSF elevation of these markers to AD. Thus, until the results of...Continue Reading

Citations

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