PMID: 2110243May 1, 1990Paper

Eleven distinct VH gene families and additional patterns of sequence variation suggest a high degree of immunoglobulin gene complexity in a lower vertebrate, Xenopus laevis

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
R N HaireG W Litman

Abstract

Lower vertebrate species, including Xenopus laevis, exhibit restricted antibody diversity relative to higher vertebrates. We have analyzed more than 180 VH gene-containing recombinant clones from an unamplified spleen cDNA library by selective sequencing of JH and CH positive clones following iterative hybridization screening with family-specific VH probes, 11 unique families of VH genes, each associated with a unique genomic Southern blot hybridization pattern, are described and compared. Considerable variation in the number of hybridizing components detected by each probe is evident. The nucleotide sequence difference between VH families is as great as, if not more than, that reported in other systems, including representatives of the mammalian, avian, and elasmobranch lineages. Some Xenopus Ig gene families encode alternative amino acids at positions that are otherwise invariant or very rarely substituted in known Igs. Furthermore, variations in complementarity determining region sequences among members of the same gene family and high degrees of DH and JH region complexity are described, suggesting that in at least this lower vertebrate species, the diversity of expressed Ig VH genes is not restricted.

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Citations

Sep 1, 1991·Molecular Immunology·E HsuL Du Pasquier
May 1, 1996·Research in Immunology·E Andersson, T Matsunaga
Apr 1, 1993·Current Opinion in Immunology·L Du Pasquier
Sep 5, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Martin F Flajnik
Jul 15, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C T AmemiyaG W Litman
Jan 23, 1999·Immunological Reviews·J D Hansen, A G Zapata
Jun 8, 1999·Annual Review of Immunology·G W LitmanJ P Rast
Mar 1, 2012·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Yi SunYaofeng Zhao
May 21, 2010·European Journal of Immunology·Zuly E ParraRobert D Miller
Jan 28, 2003·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Maria Rosaria Coscia, Umberto Oreste
Feb 21, 1994·FEBS Letters·J Davies, L Riechmann
Oct 1, 1998·European Journal of Immunology·R MussmannL Du Pasquier
Dec 1, 1996·European Journal of Immunology·R MussmannE Hsu
Apr 22, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Michelle L BakerRobert D Miller
May 4, 1992·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·G W LitmanM Hulst
Aug 1, 1993·European Journal of Immunology·S E StewartL A Steiner

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